Kamalov E., Sergeeva I., Nugumanova K., (2025). Outrush Longitudinal Survey: Russian Emigration Post-2022 (Wave 4, 2024)
- The country samples are convenient samples. The limitation of such sampling is that the collected data do not represent all Russian emigrants who left between 2022 and 2024. Nevertheless, the estimates based on our data align with those from other sources (see the preprint, page 22), which suggests that our data are generally reliable and reflect reality.
- Although the samples are convenient, the recruitment methods do not differ across countries. This likely leads to similar biases, making cross-country comparisons possible.
- In some countries, we collected too few observations to calculate averages (in statistics, 30 observations is typically considered the minimum acceptable number for calculating a mean). On the map, you can choose to display only countries with more than 30 observations, but we also include countries with fewer observations for illustrative purposes.
- When comparing countries, it's important to keep in mind that different kinds of people end up in different countries—they may have different professions, ages, or economic means. For example, if emigrants in some countries appear happier than in others, this may mean that: 1) some countries offer a more favorable environment for psychological well-being, and/or 2) some countries attract people with more resources (economic, social, etc.) to be happy. Therefore, if you notice cross-country differences on any variable, it’s important to understand that these differences may be due not only to the specific characteristics of the countries, but also to the specific characteristics of the people who ended up there.
Trust to local government (%): How much do you trust the government of the country you currently live in? Response options range from Fully trust = 1 to Do not trust at all = 4. The map shows the share of those who selected Fully trust and Rather trust.
Trust to local people (%): How much do you trust local residents? Response options range from Fully trust = 1 to Do not trust at all = 4. The map shows the share of those who selected Fully trust and Rather trust.
Speak local language (%): Are you currently learning the local language? Response options: Yes, I’m putting in a lot of effort; Yes, but irregularly, with little effort; No; I already speak the local language. The map shows the share of those who selected I already speak the local language.
Speak or learn local language (%): Are you currently learning the local language? Response options: Yes, I’m putting in a lot of effort; Yes, but irregularly, with little effort; No; I already speak the local language. The map shows the share of those who selected Yes, I’m putting in a lot of effort; Yes, but irregularly, with little effort; or I already speak the local language.
Interested in local politics (%): Are you interested in the politics of the country you currently live in? Response options range from Very interested = 1 to Not interested at all = 4. The map shows the share of those who selected Very interested and Rather interested than not.
Feel belongingness to host society (%): Which community do you currently feel you belong to? The map shows the share of those who answered The country where I am currently living.
Trust to local people (%): How much do you trust local residents? Response options range from Fully trust = 1 to Do not trust at all = 4. The map shows the share of those who selected Fully trust and Rather trust.
Speak local language (%): Are you currently learning the local language? Response options: Yes, I’m putting in a lot of effort; Yes, but irregularly, with little effort; No; I already speak the local language. The map shows the share of those who selected I already speak the local language.
Speak or learn local language (%): Are you currently learning the local language? Response options: Yes, I’m putting in a lot of effort; Yes, but irregularly, with little effort; No; I already speak the local language. The map shows the share of those who selected Yes, I’m putting in a lot of effort; Yes, but irregularly, with little effort; or I already speak the local language.
Interested in local politics (%): Are you interested in the politics of the country you currently live in? Response options range from Very interested = 1 to Not interested at all = 4. The map shows the share of those who selected Very interested and Rather interested than not.
Feel belongingness to host society (%): Which community do you currently feel you belong to? The map shows the share of those who answered The country where I am currently living.
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